Introduction
Zohaib Ali received his M.S. degree in Computer Science from the FAST National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences. He is currently a Lecturer at the School of Computing, FAST National University. Previously, he worked as a Research Associate at the same institution, where he contributed to multiple research projects focused on developing secure and efficient communication models for IoT-enabled environments. His research interests include network and information security, cryptography, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), network technologies, web development, and computer architecture.